Data-driven site selection: How GIS tools are transforming tower deployment (Reader Forum)

In an era defined by rapid digital transformation, robust and reliable wireless networks are indispensable to modern connectivity. Nearly every aspect of daily life relies on seamless internet access, so the importance of strategic wireless tower placement has grown exponentially. Expanding 5G networks, coupled with skyrocketing mobile data usage, present both a challenge and an opportunity for wireless infrastructure developers. Poorly sited cell towers can lead to incomplete coverage and higher operational costs for both the wireless carrier and tower developer.

For APC Towers, addressing these challenges has meant rethinking traditional approaches to site selection and embracing innovative solutions. At the heart of our strategy is the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These advanced technologies have allowed us to revolutionize the tower siting process, ensuring that every decision is supported by data, efficiency, and a long-term vision for excellence in connectivity.  

By integrating various geomatic data sources, including land use data, parcel data, network performance metrics, and locations of competing infrastructure using GIS programs, our team has redefined how wireless infrastructure is planned, providing optimal solutions for today’s connectivity demands. 

The challenge: Complexity in tower deployment 

Gone are the days when intuition and basic cartographic evaluation sufficed for wireless infrastructure development. Today’s telecommunications industry operates at unprecedented scales, where every tower placement must optimize coverage, minimize interference, and comply with a complex web of regulatory requirements. Without a robust, data-driven approach to site selection, poorly placed towers can lead to a cascade of issues, from network inefficiencies and customer dissatisfaction to financial losses and missed market opportunities. Our team recognized that addressing these complexities required moving beyond traditional methods of site selection and adopting a data-centric analysis framework. 

Our solution: Analyzing and visualizing geomatic data with GIS 

APC Towers uses a suite of GIS tools that includes a geoprocessing program, network analytics software, a 3D map viewer, and a real estate overlay. Together, these technologies provide a comprehensive framework for assessing site viability and optimizing performance.

Initial analysis 

The initial analysis of competing infrastructure around a potential build location is completed using a geoprocessing program to analyze spatial data and export it for viewing within the 3D map viewer.  

1. The analysis point(s), or potential site locations, are plotted in the geoprocessor, then a buffer with a pre-set radius is applied around the point layer.  
2. We then import a layer of competing infrastructure locations and types, which is clipped to the buffer area drawn in step 1.  
3. The analysis points, buffers, and competing infrastructure layers are all exported to KMZ format so that the preliminary competing structure analysis can be viewed in the 3D map viewer.  
4. Presenting the analysis in the map viewer allows our development team to overlay other layers, such as a real estate overlay, which visualizes compiled parcel data. The 3D map viewer’s street-level visualizations also enable the development team to evaluate line-of-sight constraints, a key factor in ensuring uninterrupted signal transmission between towers.   

Advanced spatial analysis 

Geoprocessing programs enable us to compile further detailed spatial analysis layers, including: 

• Population density, land use, and topographic features. 
• Zoning regulations and areas with environmental protection, such as EPA-designated critical habitat. 

Using a geoprocessor also enables batch processing of large datasets, making it ideal for nationwide assessments. 

With the help of GIS software, we identify underserved areas and prioritize tower placements where they will have the greatest impact. 

Network analytics software: Real-time network insights 

Real-time data is crucial for effective decision-making in the wireless infrastructure development industry. The network analytics software we use provides: 

• Speed and coverage mapping to highlight service gaps. 
• Latency and reliability metrics for optimizing customer experience. 
• Competitor benchmarking to identify strategic opportunities. 
• The ability to import data in CSV and shapefile formats, which is useful for visualizing geomatic data discussed in the previous section (e.g., layers showing population density, land use designations, and regulatory areas).  

This tool ensures that APC’s tower placements align with both customer needs and market opportunities. 

The benefits of a data-driven approach 

Efficiency and cost savings 

Improving site analysis with GIS programs reduces labor-intensive tasks and accelerates decision-making. This efficiency translates to significant cost savings, as unsuitable sites are identified early, avoiding costly adjustments and site cancellations.  

Enhanced network performance 

By identifying underserved areas with real-time network performance data, APC helps optimize wireless carriers’ networks. Strategic tower placements improve connectivity and enhance customer experience. 

Regulatory compliance 

GIS tools allow APC to create and overlay zoning maps, environmental restrictions, and FAA guidelines. This ensures that tower sites meet all legal requirements, reducing the risk of delays or penalties. 

Competitive advantage 

Through detailed competing structure analysis, APC identifies opportunities to outperform rival infrastructure developers. This data-driven strategy enables APC to capture market share and solidify its position as an industry leader in a highly competitive market. 

Community and environmental impact 

Respecting local regulations and environmental constraints fosters positive relationships with local stakeholders. Our approach minimizes community opposition and helps to foster sustainable development.  

Looking ahead: The future of tower planning and deployment 

Integrating machine learning 

APC plans to incorporate AI and machine learning into its GIS workflow to: 

• Automate data analysis and model network improvement.  
• Predict future network demands based on population growth and infrastructure development. 

These advancements will enhance decision-making and keep APC at the forefront of the telecom industry. 

Construction risk management 

GIS software will play a critical role in mitigating construction risks. By mapping terrain, weather patterns, and access routes, APC aims to minimize delays and control costs during the tower construction phase. 

Conclusion 

APC Towers’ data-driven methodology represents a paradigm shift in wireless infrastructure planning. By integrating multiple GIS tools and geospatial datasets into our analysis, we ensure efficient, compliant, and strategic tower placements. As the telecommunications landscape evolves, this approach positions our company to meet future challenges and opportunities with confidence. This integrated strategy not only addresses today’s connectivity demands but also lays the groundwork for a more connected and competitive tomorrow.